7/26/2023 0 Comments Somatic nervous system manages“Rapid” rhythmic discharges of sympathetic nerves: sources, mechanisms of generation, and physiological relevance. The rhythmicity of sympathetic nerve activity. There are 100 ways by which the sympathetic nervous system can trigger life-threatening arrhythmias. Cardiac sympathetic-parasympathetic interaction: the endless story of Yin and Yang. Vagal stimulation in heart failure: an anti-inflammatory intervention? 2015 16(3):147–54.ĭusi V, De Ferrari GM, Mann DL. 2016 2016:5902947.ĭe Ferrari GM, Schwartz PJ, Ravera A, Dusi V, Calvillo L. Chemokines and heart disease: a network connecting cardiovascular biology to immune and autonomic nervous systems. Keywordsĭusi V, Ghidoni A, Ravera A, De Ferrari GM, Calvillo L. In this chapter, we will first describe the structure and function of the central autonomic network involved in cardiovascular control, then we will provide some examples of centrally determined sympathetic hyperactivity involvement in cardiovascular pathology, and finally we will explore the rationale and the clinical application of therapeutic interventions aimed to restore autonomic balance by increasing vagal output at the central level, including both invasive and noninvasive approaches. In the clinical setting, autonomic imbalance characterized by increased sympathetic and decrease parasympathetic output can be the cause as well as the consequence of cardiovascular affections. Cardiac function can be profoundly altered by the reflex activation of cardiac autonomic nerves in response to inputs from baro-, chemo-, nasopharyngeal, and other receptors as well as by central autonomic commands. The efferent (or motor) pathways involved in cardiovascular autonomic control are the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system, which consists of multisynaptic pathways from cardiovascular receptors and myocardial cells back to peripheral ganglionic neurons and further to central preganglionic and premotor neurons. CNS regulates the cardiovascular system by three general means: (1) feedforward regulation, often referred to as “central command,” (2) feedback or reflex regulation, and (3) complex integrative mechanisms involving several relaying centers. Central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms involved in cardiovascular autonomic control do not operate in isolation but are closely coordinated with respiratory and other regulatory mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.
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